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英语被动语态结构详解:从基础到高阶的快速掌握方法
是不是每次看到被动语态就头大?明明背了公式还是总出错?别慌!今天咱们就用做红烧肉的步骤来拆解这个语法难题。听说有人为了搞懂这个,愣是把作业本擦出火星子了,咱可不能重蹈覆辙啊!
??基础篇:被动语态就是个汉堡包??
被动语态的核心结构就三层:??主语 + 被动词(be) + 过去分词??。举个栗子:"The cake was eaten"(蛋糕被吃了)。这里was就是夹在中间的牛肉饼,过去分词eaten是底层面包片。记住了啊,时态变化全靠中间这个be动词来调整!
时态 | 主动句 | 被动句 |
---|---|---|
一般现在时 | Tom cleans the room | The room is cleaned |
过去进行时 | She was drawing | The picture was being drawn |
将来完成时 | They will have built | The bridge will have been built |
??常见翻车现场TOP3??
- ??忘加be动词??:"The door opened"(门自己开了)VS "The door was opened"(门被人打开)
- ??过去分词写错??:write→written,bite→bitten,这些不规则动词得单独记小本本
- ??时态混乱??:把"The letter has been written"写成"The letter has wrote",直接时态错乱
??进阶秘籍:被动语态变形记??
这时候得掏出祖传的时态对照表了。重点看完成时和进行时这俩磨人的小妖精:
- 现在完成被动:have/has + been + 过去分词(The work has been done)
- 过去进行被动:was/were + being + 过去分词(The car was being repaired)
哎,这里有个坑得提醒你们:进行时被动语态千万别省掉being!就像"The dinner is cooking"是晚饭自己在煮,而"The dinner is being cooked"才是有人在做晚饭。
??灵魂拷问时间??
Q:不规则动词记不住咋整?
A:小编当年把常用50个不规则动词做成手机锁屏壁纸,每天解锁20次想不记住都难!现在更推荐用"动词三态连连看"游戏APP,边玩边记。
Q:什么时候必须用被动语态?
A:这三个场景逃不掉:
- 不知道动作执行者(My wallet was stolen)
- 强调动作承受者(The new law was passed yesterday)
- 科技文献(The experiment was conducted under 25℃)
Q:为啥有些动词没有被动语态?
A:比如happen、exist这些不及物动词,就像"彩虹出现了"不能说成"彩虹被出现",英语里也一样,The accident was happened就是典型错误。
??小编私房话??
说实在的,被动语态就像炒菜放盐,用对了提鲜,用多了齁得慌。新手建议先从简单时态练起,等手感上来了再挑战高阶玩法。记住这个万能口诀:"动作承受者打头阵,be动词跟着时态变,过去分词压轴别乱窜"。下次写句子前先问自己:到底想让谁当主角?想明白了这个,被动语态就成功一半啦!